Introduction
A
collection of two or more computers interconnected by the telephone lines,
co-axial cable, satellite links, radio and microwave transmission and some
other communication techniques. A
computer network is a group of computers that are connected together and that
communicate with one another for a common purpose.
Although
the computer industry is young compared to anther industries (e.g., automobiles
air transportation), computer have made spectacular progress in a short
time. During the first two decades of
their extrinsic, computer system highly centralized, usually a single large
room. A medium size company or
university might have had one or two computers, while large instructions had at
most a few dozen. The idea that with in 20 years equally powerful computers
smaller than postage stamps would be mass produced by the millions was pure
science fiction.
The
merging of computers & communications has had a profound influence on the
way computer systems are organized. The concept of the computer center as a
room with a large computer to which users bring their work for processing is
now totally obsolete. The old model of single computer serving all of the
organizations computational needs has been replaced by one in which a large
number of separate but interconnected computers do the job. These systems are
called computer networks.
Two
computers are said to be interconnected if they are able to exchange information’s.
The connection need not be via a copper wire; fiber optics, microwaves, and
communication satellites can also be used. By requiring the computer to be
autonomous, we which to execute from our definitions systems in which there is
a clear master/slave relation. If one computer can forcibly starts , stop, or
control another one, the computers are not autonomous. A system with one
control unit and many slaves is not a network; nor is a large computer with
remote printers and terminals.
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