Reasoning Sample

1. If it is possible to make only one meaningful word with the Third, Seventh, Eighth and Tenth letters of the word COMPATIBILITY, which of the following would be the last letter of that word ? If no such word can be made, give ‘X’ as your answer and if more than one such word can be formed, give your answer as ‘Y’.
(A) I
(B) B
(C) L
(D) X
(E) Y
Ans : (B)

2. Four of the following five are alike in a certain way and so form a group. Which is the one that does not belong to that group ?
(A) Stem
(B) Tree
(C) Root
(D) Branch
(E) Leaf
Ans : (B)

3. How many meaningful three letter English words can be formed with the letters AER, using each letter only once in each word ?
(A) None
(B) One
(C) Two
(D) Three
(E) Four
Ans : (D)

4. In a certain code FINE is written HGPC.
How is SLIT written in that code ?
(A) UTGR
(B) UTKR
(C) TUGR
(D) RUGT
(E) None of these
Ans : (E)

5. If ‘Apple’ is called ‘Orange’, ‘Orange’ is called ‘Peach’, ‘Peach’ is called ‘Potato’, ‘Potato’ is called ‘Banana’, ‘Banana’ is called ‘Papaya’ and ‘Papaya’ is called ‘Guava’, which of the following grows underground ?
(A) Potato
(B) Guava
(C) Apple
(D) Banana
(E) None of these
Ans : (D)

6. If the digits in the number 86435192 are arranged in ascending order, what will be the difference between the digits which are second from the right and fourth from the left in the new arrangement ?
(A) One
(B) Two
(C) Three
(D) Four
(E) None
Ans : (D)

7. Each vowel of the word ADJECTIVE is substituted with the next letter of the English alphabetical series, and each consonant is substituted with the letter preceding it. How many vowels are present in the new arrangement ?
(A) None
(B) One
(C) Two
(D) Three
(E) None of these
Ans : (C)

8. If in a certain language LATE is coded as 8&4$ and HIRE is coded as 7*3$ then how will HAIL be coded in the same language ?
(A) 7&8*
(B) &7*8
(C) 7*&8
(D) 7&*8
(E) None of these
Ans : (D)

9. How many such pairs of letters are there in word ENGLISH, each of which has as many letters between its two letters as there are between them in the English alphabets ?
(A) None
(B) One
(C) Two
(D) Three
(E) More than three
Ans : (E)

10. In a certain code ‘na pa ka so’ means ‘birds fly very high’, ‘ri so la pa’ means ‘birds are very beautiful’ and ‘ti me ka bo’ means ‘the parrots could fly’. Which of the following is the code for ‘high’ in that language ?
(A) na
(B) ka
(C) bo
(D) so
(E) None of these
Ans : (A)

Directions—(Q. 11–15) In each of the questions below are given three statements followed by two conclusions numbered I and II. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. Read both the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements disregarding commonly known facts.

Read the statements and the conclusions which follow it and
Give answer—
(A) if only conclusion I is true.
(B) if only conclusion II is true.
(C) if either conclusion I or conclusion II is true.
(D) if neither conclusion I nor conclusion II is true
(E) if both conclusions I and II are true.

11. Statements : All stars are suns.
Some suns are planets.
All planets are satellites.
Conclusions :
I. Some satellites are stars.
II. No star is a satellite.
Ans : (C)

12. Statements : All fishes are birds.
All birds are rats.
All rats are cows.
Conclusions :
I. All birds are cows
II. All rats are fishes
Ans : (A)

13. Statements : All curtains are rods.
Some rods are sheets.
Some sheets are pillows.
Conclusions :
I. Some pillows are rods.
II. Some rods are curtains.
Ans : (B)

14. Statements : Some walls are windows.
Some windows are doors.
All doors are roofs.
Conclusions :
I. Some doors are walls.
II. No roof is a window.
Ans : (D)

15. Statements : All switches are plugs.
Some plugs are bulbs.
All bulbs are sockets.
Conclusions :
I. Some sockets are plugs.
II. Some plugs are switches.
Ans : (E)

Directions—(Q. 16–20) Study the sets of numbers given below and answer the questions, which follow :
489 - 541 - 654 - 953 - 983

16. If in each number, the first and the last digits are interchanged, which of the following will be the second highest number ?
(A) 489
(B) 541
(C) 654
(D) 953
(E) 783
Ans : (C)

17. If in each number, all the three digits are arranged in ascending order, which of the following will be the lowest number ?
(A) 489
(B) 541
(C) 654
(D) 953
(E) 783
Ans : (B)

18. Which of the following numbers will be obtained if the first digit of lowest number is subtracted from the second digit of highest number after adding one to each of the numbers ?
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
(E) 5
Ans : (A)

19. If five is subtracted from each of the numbers, which of the following numbers will be the difference between the second digit of second highest number and the second digit of the highest number ?
(A) Zero
(B) 3
(C) 1
(D) 4
(E) 2
Ans : (B)

20. If in each number the first and the second digits are interchanged, which will be the third highest number ?
(A) 489
(B) 541
(C) 654
(D) 953
(E) 783
Ans : (D)

Directions—(Q. 21–25) Read the following information carefully and answer the questions, which follow :
‘A – B’ means ‘A is father of B’
‘A + B’ means ‘A is daughter of B’
‘A ÷ B’ means ‘A is son of B’
‘A × B’ means ‘A is wife of B’

21. Which of the following means P is grandson of S ?
(A) P + Q – S
(B) P ÷ Q × S
(C) P ÷ Q + S
(D) P × Q ÷ S
(E) None of these
Ans : (C)

22. How is P related to T in the expression ‘P + S – T’ ?
(A) Sister
(B) Wife
(C) Son
(D) Daughter
(E) None of these
Ans : (A)

23. In the expression ‘P + Q × T’ how is T related to P ?
(A) Mother
(B) Father
(C) Son
(D) Brother
(E) None of these
Ans : (B)

24. Which of the following means T is wife of P ?
(A) P × S ÷ T
(B) P ÷ S × T
(C) P – S ÷ T
(D) P + T ÷ S
(E) None of these
Ans : (E)

25. In the expression ‘P × Q – T’ how is T related to P ?
(A) Daughter
(B) Sister
(C) Mother
(D) Can’t be determined
(E) None of these
Ans : (D)

Directions—(Q. 26–30) In each of these questions a group of letters is given followed by four combinations of number/symbol lettered (A), (B), (C) & (D). Letters are to be coded as per the scheme and conditions given below. You have to find out the serial letter of the combination, which represents the letter group. Serial letter of that combination is your answer. If none of the combinations is correct, your answer is (E) i.e. None of these :

Letters# Q M S I N G D K A L P R B J E
Number/ Symbol# 7 @ 4 # % $ 6 1 2 £ 5 * 9 8 3

Conditions :
(i) If the first letter is a consonant and the last a vowel, both are to be coded as the code of the vowel.
(ii) If the first letter is a vowel and the last a consonant, the codes for the first and the last are to be interchanged.
(iii) If no vowel is present in the group of letters, the second and the fifth letters are to be coded as ©.

26. BKGQJN
(A) 9©$7©%
(B) ©9$7%©
(C) 91$78%
(D) %1$789
(E) None of these
Ans : (A)

27. IJBRLG
(A) #89*£$
(B) #89*£#
(C) $89*£#
(D) $89*£$
(E) None of these
Ans : (C)

28. BARNIS
(A) 92*#%4
(B) 924#*%
(C) 92*#%9
(D) 42*#%4
(E) None of these
Ans : (E)

29. EGAKRL
(A) #£$21*
(B) £$21*3
(C) £$21*#
(D) #£$21#
(E) None of these
Ans : (B)

30. DMBNIA
(A) 6@9%#2
(B) 2@9%#6
(C) 2@9%#2
(D) 2©9%#2
(E) None of these
Ans : (C)

Directions—(Q. 31–35) Study the following information carefully to answer these questions.
Eight persons A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H work for three different companies namely X, Y and Z. Not more than three persons work for a company. There are only two ladies in the group who have different specializations and work for different companies. Of the group of friends, two have specialization in each HR, Finance and Marketing. One member is an engineer and one is a doctor. H is an HR specialist and works with a Marketing specialist B who does not work for company Y. C is an engineer and his sister works in company Z. D is a specialist in HR working in company X while her friend G is a finance specialist and works for company Z. No two persons having the same specialization work together. Marketing specialist F works for company Y and his friend A who is a Finance expert works for company X in which only two specialists work. No lady is a marketing specialist or a doctor.

31. For which of the following companies does C work ?
(A) Y
(B) X
(C) Z
(D) Data inadequate
(E) None of these
Ans : (A)

32. Which of the following represents the pair working in the same company ?
(A) D and C
(B) A and B
(C) A and E
(D) H and F
(E) None of these
Ans : (E)

33. Which of the following combination is correct ?
(A) C–Z-Engineer
(B) E–X–Doctor
(C) H–X–HR
(D) C–Y–Engineer
(E) None of these
Ans : (D)

34. Who amongst the friends is a doctor ?
(A) H
(B) E
(C) C
(D) Either E or C
(E) None of these
Ans : (B)

35. Which of the following pairs represents the two ladies in the group ?
(A) A and D
(B) B and D
(C) D and G
(D) Data inadequate
(E) None of these
Ans : (C)

Directions—(Q. 36–40) In each of the questions given below which one of the five answer figures on the right should come after the problem figures on the left, if the sequence were continued ?

Ans : 36. (C) 37. (E) 38. (D) 39. (A) 40. (D)

History of Banking in India

1. From the ancient times in India, an indigenous banking system has prevailed. The businessmen called Shroffs, Seths, Sahukars, Mahajans, Chettis etc. had been carrying on the business of banking since ancient times. These indigenous bankers included very small money lenders to shroffs with huge businesses, who carried on the large and specialized business even greater than the business of banks.
• The origin of western type commercial Banking in India dates back to the 18th century.
2. The story of banking starts from Bank of Hindusthan established in 1779 and it was first bank at Calcutta under European management.
• In 1786 General Bank of India was set up.
3. Since Calcutta was the most active trading port in India, mainly due to the trade of the British Empire, it became a banking center.
• Three Presidency banks were set up under charters from the British East India Company- Bank of Calcutta, Bank of Bombay and the Bank of Madras. These worked as quasi central banks in India for many years.
• The Bank of Calcutta established in 1806 immediately became Bank of Bengal.
• In 1921 these 3 banks merged with each other and Imperial Bank of India got birth. It is today’s State Bank of India.
• The name was changed after India’s Independence in 1955. So State bank of India is the oldest Bank of India.
4. In 1839, there was a fruitless effort by Indian merchants to establish a Bank called Union Bank. It failed within a decade.
5. Next came Allahabad Bank which was established in 1865 and working even today.
• The oldest Public Sector Bank in India having branches all over India and serving the customers for the last 145 years is Allahabad Bank. Allahabad bank is also known as one of India’s Oldest Joint Stock Bank.
6. The Oldest Joint Stock bank of India was Bank of Upper India established in 1863 and failed in 1913.
7. The first Bank of India with Limited Liability to be managed by Indian Board was Oudh Commercial Bank. It was established in 1881 at Faizabad. This bank failed in 1958.
8. The first bank purely managed by Indian was Punjab National Bank, established in Lahore in 1895. The Punjab national Bank has not only survived till date but also is one of the largest banks in India.
9. However, the first Indian commercial bank which was wholly owned and managed by Indians was Central Bank of India which was established in 1911.
• Central Bank of India was dreams come true of Sir Sorabji Pochkhanawala, founder of the Bank. 
• Sir Pherozesha Mehta was the first Chairman of this Bank. 
10. Many more Indian banks were established between 1906-1911. This was the era of the Swadeshi Movement in India. Some of the banks are Bank of India, Corporation Bank, Indian Bank, Bank of Baroda, Canara Bank and Central Bank of India. 
• Bank of India was the first Indian bank to open a branch outside India in London in 1946 and the first to open a branch in continental Europe at Paris in 1974. 
• The Bank was founded in September 1906 as a private entity and was nationalized in July 1969. Since the logo of this Bank is a star, its head office in Mumbai is located in Star House, Bandra East, Mumbai. 
11. There was a district in Today’s Karnataka state called South Canara under the British empire. It was bifurcated in 1859 from Canara district , thus making Dakshina Kannada and Udupi district. It was the undivided Dakshina Kannada district. It was renamed as Dakshina Kannada in 1947. Four banks started operation during the period of Swadeshi Movement and so this was known as “Cradle of Indian Banking. 
• This was the first phase of Indian banking which was a very slow in development. This era saw many ups and downs in the banking scenario of the country. 
12. The Second Phase starts from 1935 when Reserve bank of India was established. 
• Between the period of 1911-1948, there were more than 1000 banks in India, almost all small banks. The Reserve Bank of India was constituted in 1934 as an apex Bank, however without major government ownership. Government of India came up with the Banking Companies Act 1949. This act was later changed to Banking Regulation (Amendment) Act 1949. 
• The Banking Regulation (Amendment) Act of 1965 gave extensive powers to the Reserve Bank of India. The Reserve Bank of India was made the Central Banking Authority. 
13. The banking sector reforms started immediately after the independence. These reforms were basically aimed at improving the confidence level of the public as most banks were not trusted by the majority of the people. Instead, the deposits with the Postal department were considered safe.
14. The first major step was Nationalization of the Imperial Bank of India in 1955 via State Bank of India Act. 
• State Bank of India was made to act as the principal agent of RBI and handle banking transactions of the Union and State Governments. 
15. In a major process of nationalization, 7 subsidiaries of the State Bank of India were nationalized by the Indira Gandhi regime. In 1969, 14 major private commercial banks were nationalized. These 14 banks Nationalized in 1969 are as follows: 
o Central Bank of India
o Bank of Maharastra
o Dena Bank
o Punjab National Bank
o Syndicate Bank
o Canara Bank
o Indian Bank
o Indian Overseas Bank
o Bank of Baroda
o Union Bank
o Allahabad Bank
o Union Bank of India
o UCO Bank
o Bank of India.
16. The above was followed by a second phase of nationalization in 1980, when Government of India acquired the ownership of 6 more banks, thus bringing the total number of Nationalised Banks to 20. The private banks at that time were allowed to function side by side with nationalized banks and the foreign banks were allowed to work under strict regulation. 
17. After the two major phases of nationalization in India, the 80% of the banking sector came under the public sector / government ownership. 
18. Please note the following sequence of events: 
 Creation of Reserve bank of India: 1935 
 Nationalization of Reserve Bank of India : 1949 (January ) 
 Enactment of Banking Regulation Act : 1949 (March) 
 Nationalization of State Bank of India : 1955 
 Nationalization of SBI Subsidiaries : 1959 
 Nationalization of 14 major Banks : 1969 
 Creation of Credit Guarantee Corporation: 1971 
 Creation of Regional Rural Banks : 1975 
 Nationalization of 7 more banks with deposits over Rs. 200 Crore: 1980 
19. The result was outstanding. The public deposits in these banks increased by 800% , as the government ownership gave the public faith and trust. 
20. The third phase of development of banking in India started in the early 1990s when India started its economic liberalization.

Obejective Gk

The new Chief of Antrix Corporation Limited is--   1 V.S. Hegde   2 K.T. Moraes   3 Anil Kumar Browne   4 Rohinton Nariman     Ans: 1

Q. The new Central Vigilance Commissioner of India is--   1 T.K.A. Nair   2 Kalyan Banerjee   3 V.S. Hegde   4 Pradeep Kumar     Ans: 4

Q. Recently scientists decoded the full DNA sequence genome of--   1 Brinjal   2 Potato   3 Orange   4 Mango     Ans: 2

Q. The new Solicitor General of India is--   1 Rohinton Nariman   2 Fali S. Nariman   3 Abhishek Manu Singhvi   4 None of the above     Ans: 1

Q. GTA which was recently in news stands for--   1 Gorkhaland Territorial Administration   2 Gorkhaland Tripartite Association   3 Gorkhaland Territorial Association   4 none of the above     Ans: 1

Q. Which state has been selected for Best Performing State award for wheat?   1 Haryana   2 Rajasthan   3 Madhya Pradesh   4 Tamil Nadu     Ans: 1

Q. China's Asia Pacific Exchange and Cooperation Foundation has planned $ 3 billion projects in--   1 Nepal   2 Cambodia   3 Thailand   4 Vietnam     Ans: 1

Q. Salva Kiir is the new President of--   1 South Sudan   2 Kenya   3 S. Africa   4 Canada     Ans: 1

Q. Which country recently unveiled a plan to tax carbon emissions?   1 Australia   2 Argentina   3 Britain   4 USA     Ans: 1

Q. Which country has built a missile defense shield covering two-thirds of the country?   1 Russia   2 USA   3 England   4 Australia

current affairs

Q. IRDA is associated with--   1 Insurance Sector   2 Banking   3 Railways   4 Telecommunication     Ans: 1

Q. As on status July 26, 2011 which of the two rates of RBI are equal?   1 Bank Rate and CRR   2 Repo Rate and Bank Rate   3 CRR and Reverse Repo   4 None of the above     Ans: 1

Q. What is the true for Repo Rate as announced by RBI on July 26, 2011?   1 Raised from 7.5% to 8.0%   2 Raised from 7% to 7.5%   3 Raised from 7.25% to 7.75%   4 Raised from 7.75% to 8.25%     Ans: 1

Q. The longest sea bridge of the world is located in--   1 China   2 Tibet   3 Myanmar   4 Germany     Ans: 1

Q. Who has/have been honoured with national Communal Harmony Award this year?   1 Haneef Khan Shastri   2 Acharya Lokesh Muni   3 None of the above   4 Both of the above     Ans: 4

Q. Prem Bhatia Award of Journalism has been conferred on--   1 Jyotirmoy Dey   2 Josy Joseph   3 None of the above   4 Both of the above     Ans: 4

Q. Under Nagar Awards this year which Municipal Corporation has been adjudged the best run organization?   1 Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation   2 Vadodara Municipal Corporation   3 Rajkot Municipal Corporation   4 Mysore City Corporation     Ans: 1

Q. Which women has been honoured with first Mercy Ravi Award?   1 Sheila Dixit   2 Shabana Azmi   3 Sharmila Tagore   4 None of the above     Ans: 1

Q. Which Indian personality has posthumously been honoured with Bangladesh highest award?   1 Indira Gandhi   2 Lal Bahadur Shastri   3 Narsimha Rao   4 None of the above     Ans: 1

Q. Who of the following has not been conferred on the prestigious Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellow ship this year?   1 Lachchu Maharaj   2 Girija Devi   3 Nataraja Ramakrishna   4 R.F. Dagar

Current Affairs

Which gas is used to fill the tyre of aeroplane?
a. Helium
Who has written the Miser
a. Moliere
Which river has played an important role in building the Punjab ?
a. Sutlej
Indian Standard Time line passes through which of the following towns?
a. Allahabad
Where is the headquarter of ‘Forest Research Centre’ situated?
a. Dehradun
Open Museum of ‘Hampi’ is situated in which of the following states?
a. Karnataka
In which of the following cities is ‘Bhabha Atomic Research Centre’ situated?
a. Mumbai
Which liquid is used in manufacturing dynamite?
a. Nitroglycerine
What is used in bleaching and manufacturing of food?
a. Caramel
Which of the following digits makes the binary System?
a. 0 and 1
In which state is Mahabaleshwar located
a. Mahrashtra
Ayappa Temple is situated in which of the following cities?
a. Kerala
Guru Arjun Dev was the contemporary of which leader?
a. Jehangir
Goutamiputra Satkarni was the king belongs to which dynasties?
a. Satwahan
Goitre is a disease is related to which part of body.
a. Neck
What is the chemical name of Washing Soda?
a. Sodium carbonate
Where is Humayun tomb located?
a. Delhi
Which personality was given the title of ‘Jari Kalam’?
a. Mukammal Khan
Which crops has the largest interval between sowing and reaping it?
a. Sugarcane
1. Which of the following diseases is not immunized by ‘triple antigen’?
a. Typhoid
b. Tetanus
c. Diphtheria
d. Whooping cough
2. Which of the following is the chemical name of laughing gas?
a. Nitrogen dioxide
b. Nitrous oxide
c. Nitrogen pentaoxide
d. None of these
Answers
1. a. Delhi
2. d. Mohammed Hussain
3. d. Sugarcane
4. b. Tetanus
5. b. Nitrous oxide

CAPITALS OF COUNTRIES

Afghanistan: Kabul Albania: Tirana Algeria: Algiers Angola: Luanda Antigua & Barbuda: St John’s Argentina: Buenos Aires Armenia: Yerevan Australia: Canberra Austria : Vienna Azerbijan: Baku Bahamas: Nassau Bahrain: Manama Bangladesh: Dhaka Barbados: Bridgetown Belgium: Brussels Belarus: Minsk Belize: Belmopan Benin: Porto Novo Bhutan: Thimpu Bosnia-Herzegovina : Sarajevo Botswana: Gaberones Bolivia: La Paz Brazil: Brasillia Brunei: Bandar Seri Begawan Bulgaria: Sofia Burkina Faso: Ouagadougau Burundi : Bujumbura Cambodia: Phnom Penh Cameroon: Yaounde Canada: Ottawa Cape Verde: Praia Central African Republic: Bangui Chad: Fort Lamy Chile: Santiago China: Beijing Colombia: Bogota Congo: Brazzaville Costa Rica: San Jose Croatia: Zagreb Cuba: Havana Cyprus: Nicosia Czech Republic: Prague Denmark: Copenhagen Djibouti : Djibouti Dominican Republic: Santo Domingo East Timor: Dilli Ecuador: Quito Egypt: Cairo Equatorial Guinea: Santa Isabel Eritrea: Asmara Estonia: Tallion Ethiopia: Addis Ababa Fiji: Suva Finland: Helsinki France: Paris Gabon: Libreville Gambia: Banjul Georgia: Tiblisi Germany: Berlin Ghana: Accra Greece: Athens Grenada: St George’s Guatemala: Guatemala City Guinea: Conakry Guinea-Bissau: Bissau Guyana: Georgetown Honduras: Tegucigalpa Hungar: Budapest India: New Delhi Indonesia: Jakarta Iran: Tehran Iraq: Baghdad Ireland (or Eire): Dublin Israel: Jerusalem Italy: Rome Ivory Coast: Abidjan Jamaica: Kingston Japan: Tokyo Jordan: Amman Kenya: Nairobi Kazakhstan: Alma-Ata Kirghiztan: Bishkek Kiribati: Tarawa Korea (North): Pyongyang Korea (South): Seoul Latvia: Riga Latvia: Riga Laos: Vientiane Lebanon: Beirut

Lesotho: Maseru Liberia: Verduz Libya: Tripoli Liechtenstein: Vaduz Lithuania: Vilnius Luxembourg: Luxembourg Macedonia: Skopje Madagascar: Antananarivo Malawi: Zomba Malaysia: Kuala Lumpur Maldives: Male Mali: Bamako Malta: Valletta Mauritius: Port Louis Mauritania: Nouakchott Mexico: Mexico City Moldova: Chisinan Monaco: Monaco Mongolia: Ulan Bator Morocco: Rabat Mozambique: Lourenco Marques Myanmar (Burma): Rangoon Namibia: Windhoek Nauru: Yaren Nepal : Kathmandu Netherlands: Amsterdam New Zealand : Wellington Niger: Niamey Nigeria: Abuja Northern Ireland: Belfast Norway : Oslo Oman: Muscat Pakistan: Islamabad Palau: Koror Palestine: Jericho (Headquarters) Panama: Panama City Papua New Guinea: Port Moresly Paraguay: Asuncion Peru: Lima Philippines: Manila Poland: Warsaw Portugal: Lisbon Qatar: Doha Romania: Bucharest Russia: Moscow Rwanda: Kigali Saudi Arabia: Riyadh Senegal: Dakar Serbia: Belgrade Seychelles: Victoria Sierra Leone: Freetown Singapore: Singapore City Slovakia: Bratislava Slovenia: Ljubejana South Africa: Pretoria and Cape Town Somalia: Magadishu Spain: Madrid Sri Lanka: Colombo Sudan: Khartoum Suriname: Paramaribo Swaziland: Mbabne Sweden: Stockholm Switzerland: Berne Syria: Damascus Tajikistan: Dushanbe Taiwan: Taipei Tanzania: Dodoma Thailand: Bangkok Togoland: Lome Tonga: Nuku’alofa Trinidad and Tobago: Port-of-Spain Tunisia: Tunis Turkey: Ankara Turkmenistan: Ashkhabad Uganda: Kampala Ukraine: Kiev United Arab Emirates: Abu Dhabi United Kingdom: London Upper Volta: Quagadougon Uruguay: Montivideo U.S.A.: Washington Uzbekistan: Tashkent Vanuatu: Port Vile Vietnam: Hanoi Western Samoa: Apia Yemen: San’a Zaire Republi: Kinshasa Zambia: Lusaka Zimbabwe: Harare

Computer Questions

Questions on Computer Awareness have recently been introduced in most Bank Recruitment exams. To help you prepare better for the Bank exams we present to you the revision notes on Computer Awareness. The earlier computers, which were massive in size, were based on vacuum tubes. Early computing machines, like the ENIAC, were actually meant to assist the armed forces. The printers in pre-1950s were punch cards. An improvement on the ENIAC, which pioneered ‘stored program’, was made possible with the help of the mathe-matician John von Neumann. Before the 1950s, computers were mostly owned by universities and research labs. The B-programming language was developed by Ken Thompson. Famous people, associated with the ENIAC, EDVAC, UNIVAC computers are Eckert & Mauchly. The 1st commercially produced and sold computer (1951) was UNIVAC. IBM was provided software for PCs by Microsoft. Time-sharing, teletyping, were associated with mainframe computers. The transformation from heavy computers to PCs was made possible using microprocessors. The first microprocessor was developed in 1971 by Intel. The term ‘micro’ (extremely small) denotes 10–6 m. The Harvard student, who chose to write computer programs and dropped studies was Bill Gates. A pentium 4 (P-4) employs roughly 40 million transistors. Mark-1, Apple-1, and collossus were initial desktop computers. Binary digits are briefed as bit. A collection of bits is called byte. C++, is a computer language. The process of eliminating pro-gramming faults is called debugging. Starting up on operating system is called booting. A program used to browse the web is called browser. An error in software designing which can even cause a computer to crash is called bug. Click and double-click are achieved using the mouse. Java, C, ForTran, Pascal and BASIC are computer programming languages. The device which sends computer data using a phone line is called MODEM. ‘Worm’ and ‘virus’ are actually programs. A ‘file’ is a unit of information. A megabyte has 106 (million) bytes. A small, single-site network is called LAN. A processor that collects several data and sends them over a single line is called bridge. ‘Nano’ stands for one billionth part. The number of bit patterns using an n-bit code is 2n. The part of a computer that works with the data/programs is called CPU. To convert a binary number to a decimal, we have to express it in power of 2.  www stands for world wide web. Mathematics employed in compu-ters is called Boolean algebra. A collection of 8 bits is called byte. The first home computer (1977), which was sold in millions of units was Apple II. ‘PARAM’ is a supercomputer. A website containing periodic posts is called blog. While cutting and pasting, the cut item is temporarily stored in the clipboard. http stands for hypertext transfer protocol. The unwanted or non-requested e-mails are called “spam”. A computer framed to give various network services is called server

Highest civilian awards this year

Following are the winners of the country's highest civilian awards this year :

Padma Vibhushan

No Name Discipline State 1.        Dr. (Smt.) Kapila Vatsyayan Art : Art Administration and Promotion Delhi 2.        Mrs. Homai Vyarawalla Art : Photography Gujarat 3.        Shri A Nageshwara Rao Art : Cinema Andhra Pradesh 4.        Shri Parasaran Kesava Iyengar Public Affairs Delhi 5.        Dr. Akhlaq-ur-Rehman Kidwai Public Affairs Delhi 6.        Shri Vijay Kelkar Public Affairs Delhi 7.        Shri Montek Singh Ahluwalia Public Affairs Delhi 8.        Shri Palle Rama Rao Science and Engineering Andhra Pradesh 9.        Shri Azim Premji Trade and Industry Karnataka 10.        Shri Brajesh Mishra Civil Services Madhya Pradesh 11.        Prof. (Dr.) Ottaplakkal Neelakandan Velu Kurup Literature and Education Kerala 12.        Dr. Sitakant Mahapatra Literature and Education Orissa 13.       Late Shri L. C. Jain Public Affairs Delhi*

Padma Bhushan

No Name Discipline State 1.         Shri Satyadev Dubey Art : Theatre Maharashtra 2.         Shri Mohammed Zahur Khayyam Hashmi alias Khayyam Art : Cinema - Music Maharashtra 3.         Shri Shashi Kapoor Art : Cinema Maharashtra 4.         Shri Krishen Khanna Art : Painting Haryana 5.         Shri Madavur Vasudevan Nair Art : Dance - Kathakali Kerala 6.         Ms. Waheeda Rehman Art : Cinema Maharashtra 7.         Shri Rudrapatna Krishna Shastry Srikantan Art : Music-Vocal Karnataka 8.         Ms. Arpita Singh Art : Painting Delhi 9.         Dr. Sripathi Panditharadhyula Balasubrahmanyam Art : Playback Singing, Music Direction & acting Tamil Nadu 10.         Shri C.V. Chandrasekhar Art : Classical Dance-Bharatanatyam Tamil Nadu 11.         Shri Dwijen Mukherjee Art West Bengal 12.         Smt. Rajashree Birla Social work Maharashtra 13.         Mrs. Shobhana Ranade Social work Maharashtra 14.         Dr. Suryanarayanan Ramachandran Science and Engineering Tamil Nadu 15.         Shri S.(Kris) Gopalakrishnan Trade and Industry Karnataka 16.         Shri Yogesh Chander Deveshwar Trade and Industry West Bengal 17.         Ms. Chanda Kochhar Trade and Industry Maharashtra 18.         Dr. K. Anji Reddy Trade and Industry- Pharmacy Andhra Pradesh 19.         Shri Analjit Singh Trade and Industry Delhi 20.         Shri Rajendra Singh Pawar Trade and Industry Haryana 21.         Dr. Gunapati Venkata Krishna Reddy Trade and Industry Andhra Pradesh 22.         Shri Ajai Chowdhary Trade and Industry Delhi 23.         Shri Surendra Singh Civil Services Delhi 24.         Shri M. N .Buch Civil Services Madhya Pradesh 25.         Shri Shyam Saran Civil Services Delhi 26.         Shri Thayil Jacob Sony George Literature and Education Karnataka 27.         Dr. Ramdas Madhava Pai Literature and Education Karnataka 28.         Shri Sankha Ghosh Literature and Education West Bengal 29.         Late Shri K. Raghavan Thirumulpad Medicine : Ayurveda Kerala* 30.         Late Dr. Keki Byramjee Grant Medicine : Cardiology Maharashtra* 31.         Late Shri Dashrath Patel Art Gujarat*

Padma Shri

No Name Discipline State 1.        Ms. Neelam Mansingh Chowdhry Art : Theatre Chandigarh 2.        Shri Makar Dhwaja Darogha Art : Chhau Dance Jharkhand 3.        Shri Shaji Neelakantan Karun Art : Film Direction Kerala 4.        Shri Girish Kasaravalli Art : Film making Karnataka 5.        Ms. Tabassum Hashmi Khan alias Tabu Art : Cinema Maharashtra 6.        Shri Jivya Soma Mase Art : Warli Painting Maharashtra 7.        Guru (Ms.) M.K. Saroja Art : Dance-Bharatnatyam Tamil Nadu 8.        Shri Jayaram Subramaniam Art : Cinema Tamil Nadu 9.        Pandit Ajoy Chakraborty Art : Music-Indian Classical Vocal West Bengal 10.         Smt. Mahasundari Devi Art : Mithilia/Madhubani Painting Bihar 11.         Shri Gajam Govardhana Art : Handloom Weaving Andhra Pradesh 12.         Ms. Sunayana Hazarilal Art : Dance-Kathak Maharashtra 13.         Shri S.R. Janakiraman Art : Carnatic Vocal Music Tamil Nadu 14.         Shri Peruvanam Kuttan Marar Art : Chenda Melam-Drum concert Kerala 15.         Smt. Kalamandalam Kshemavathy Pavithran Art : Dance-Mohiniattam Kerala 16.         Shri Dadi Dorab Pudumjee Art : Puppetry Delhi 17.         Shri Khangembam Mangi Singh Art : Traditional Music of Manipur (Pena) Manipur 18.         Shri Prahlad Singh Tipaniya Art : Folk Music Madhya Pradesh 19.         Smt. Usha Uthup Art : Music West Bengal 20.         Smt. Kajol Art : Cinema Maharashtra 21.         Shri Irfan Khan Art : Cinema Maharashtra 22.         Shri Mamraj Agrawal Social work West Bengal 23.         Shri Jockin Arputham Social work Maharashtra 24.         Ms. Nomita Chandy Social work Karnataka 25.         Ms. Sheela Patel Social work Maharashtra 26.         Ms. Anita Reddy Social work Karnataka 27.         Shri Kanubhai Hasmukhbhai Tailor Social work Gujarat 28.         Shri Anant Darshan Shankar Public Affairs Karnataka 29.         Prof. M. Annamalai Science and Engineering Karnataka 30.         Dr. Mahesh Haribhai Mehta Science and Engineering : Agricultural Science Gujarat 31.         Shri Coimbatore Narayana Rao Raghavendran Science and Engineering Tamil Nadu 32.         Dr. (Mrs.) Suman Sahai Science and Engineering Delhi 33.         Prof.(Dr.) E.A. Siddiq Science and Engineering : Agricultural Science Andhra Pradesh 34.         Shri Gopalan Nair Shankar Science and Engineering : Architecture Kerala 35.         Shri Mecca Rafeeque Ahmed Trade and Industry Tamil Nadu 36.         Shri Kailasam Raghavendra Rao Trade and Industry Tamil Nadu 37.         Shri Narayan Singh Bhati Civil Services Andhra Pradesh 38.         Shri P K Sen Civil Services Bihar 39.         Ms. Shital Mahajan Sports : Adventure Sports : Para Jumping Maharashtra 40.         Ms. Nameirakpam Kunjarani Devi Sports : Weightlifting Manipur 41.         Shri Sushil Kumar Sports : Wrestling Delhi 42.         Shri Vangipurapu Venkata Sai Laxman Sports : Cricket Andhra Pradesh 43.         Shri Gagan Narang Sports : Shooting Andhra Pradesh 44.         Smt. Krishna Poonia Sports : Discus Throw Rajasthan 45.         Shri Harbhajan Singh Sports : Mountaineering Punjab 46.         Dr. Pukhraj Bafna Medicine : Padeatrics Chhattisgarh 47.         Prof. Mansoor Hasan Medicine : Cardiology Uttar Pradesh 48.         Dr. Shyama Prasad Mandal Medicine : Orthopaedic Delhi 49.         Prof. (Dr.) Sivapatham Vittal Medicine : Endocrinology Tamil Nadu 50.         Prof. (Dr.) Madanur Ahmed Ali Medicine : Gastroenterology Tamil Nadu 51.         Dr. Indira Hinduja Medicine - Obstetrics and Gynaecology Maharashtra 52.         Dr. Jose Chacko Periappuram Medicine : Cardio-Thoracic Surgery Kerala 53.         Prof. (Dr.) A. Marthanda Pillai Medicine : Neurosurgery Kerala 54.         Shri Mahim Bora Literature and Education Assam 55.         Prof. (Dr.) Pullella Srirama Chandrudu Literature and Education- Sanskrit Andhra Pradesh 56.         Dr. Pravin Darji Literature and Education Gujarat 57.         Dr. Chandra Prakash Deval Literature and Education Rajasthan 58.         Shri Balraj Komal Literature and Education Delhi 59.         Mrs. Rajni Kumar Literature and Education Delhi 60.         Dr. Devanooru Mahadeva Literature and Education Karnataka 61.         Shri Barun Mazumder Literature and Education West Bengal 62.         Dr. Avvai Natarajan Literature and Education Tamil Nadu 63.         Shri Bhalchandra Nemade Literature and Education Himachal Pradesh 64.         Prof. Riyaz Punjabi Literature and Education Jammu and Kashmir 65.         Prof. Koneru Ramakrishna Rao Literature and Education Andhra Pradesh 66.         Ms. Buangi Sailo Literature and Education Mizoram 67.         Prof. Devi Dutt Sharma Literature and Education Uttarakhand 68.         Shri Nilamber Dev Sharma Literature and Education Jammu and Kashmir 69.         Ms. Urvashi Butalia# Literature and Education Delhi          Ms. Ritu Menon# Literature and Education Delhi 70.         Prof. Krishna Kumar Literature and Education Delhi 71.         Shri Deviprasad Dwivedi Literature and Education Uttar Pradesh 72.         Ms. Mamang Dai Literature and Education Arunachal Pradesh 73.         Dr. Om Prakash Agrawal Others : Heritage Conservation Uttar Pradesh 74.         Prof. Madhukar Keshav Dhavalikar Others : Archeology Maharashtra 75.         Ms. Shanti Teresa Lakra Others-Nursing Andaman & Nicobar 76.         Smt. Gulshan Nanda Others - Handicrafts promotion Delhi 77.         Dr. Azad Moopen Social work UAE* 78.         Prof. Upendra Baxi Public Affairs -Legal Affairs United Kingdom * 79.         Dr. Mani Lal Bhaumik Science and Engineering USA* 80.         Dr. Subra Suresh Science and Engineering USA* 81.         Prof. Karl Harrington Potter Literature and Education USA* 82.         Prof. Martha Chen Social work USA* 83.         Shri Satpal Khattar Trade and Industry Singapore* 84.         Shri Granville Austin Literature and Education USA*